2012年6月12日

初期佛教中的清淨




Bhikkhu Anālayo, Purification in Early Buddhist Discourse and Buddhist Ethics, Bukkyō Kenkyū, 2012, vol. 40 pp. 67–97.
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今天收到無著比丘的新論文,有幾個有趣的段落,如無著比丘該文在p.68底部列了「離殺生者、勸導別人禁殺生、稱讚禁殺生」的部份,耆那教也有相近的觀念:

jāvajjīvāe tivihaṃ tiviheṇaṃ maṇeṇaṃ vāyāe kāeṇaṃ na karemi na kāravemi karentaṃ pi annaṃ na samaṇujāṇāmi / Dasaveyāliya 4

  論文第五節分析āsava的部分,無著比丘似乎認為初期佛教與耆那教對此字彙的理解(inflow; influx; 漏入)是相近的(不知有沒有誤讀!?),密護顯然是避免心(citta; mind)受到外在有害的因素所影響(p.81-2),因此密護諸根就成了心清淨的手段方法之一(漏從護斷; MĀ 10),日前也搜尋了一些密護諸根的偈子,如:

guttindriyo rakkhitamānasāno (Sn. 63)
Kāyagutto vacīgutto, āhāre udare yato (Sn. 78)
kāyakammavacīkammena samannāgato kusalena, parisuddhājīvo sīlasampanno, indriyesu guttadvāro, satisampajaññena samannāgato, santuṭṭho. (DN 2 & DN 13)
so 'ham evaṃ pravrajitaḥ san kāyena saṃvṛto viharāmi vācā ājivaṃ ca pariśodhayāmi. (DĀ 20 Kāyabhāvanā)

  而耆那教部份則有:

savv' indiehiṃ guttehiṃ | sacca-ppehī sa māhaṇe (Isibh. 26: 6)
maṇagutto vayagutto | kāyagutto jiindio / bhikkhaṭhā bambhaijjammi | jannavāḍe uvaṭhio || (Utt. 12: 3)
jo taṃ tiviheṇa nāṇukampe | maṇavayakāyasusaṃvuḍe sa bhikkhū (Utt. 15: 12)
tao guttīo …… maṇaguttī vayaguttī kāyaguttī (Utt. 24: 1-2)
āyagutte sayā dante | chinnasoe aṇāsave / je dhammaṃ suddham akkhāi | paḍipuṇṇam aṇelisaṃ || (Sūy. 11 :24)

  從「避免心受到外在有害的因素所影響」發展到「此心極光淨,而客隨煩惱雜染(Tañca kho āgantukehi upakkilesehi upakkiliṭṭha; AN I. 5-6)」,甚至神會的「時時勤拂拭,莫使有塵埃」、「心性本淨,客塵所染」等如來藏說,這思想流的開展可也耐人尋味。而將雜染於心的因素比喻做「客塵」,也有後期耆那教將業比做業物質的觀感。

2012.06.12

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