2014年8月8日

小人渡殺(sgrol ba)儀




……轉起普巴杵(phur bu),在達三摩地境,將普巴杵尖端對準小人致命部位……誦唸金剛利爪(rdo rje sder mo)三次、七次至二一次後,將普巴刺進小人的心、刺進小人的額、刺進兩肩與雙股、刺進肚臍眼。金剛利爪:唵 迦 迦 迦 多 曳 薩 [口*縛] 弩 瑟吒(二合) 切 給 謨 字 呸 呸……*1

  敦煌遺書IOL Tib J 331.III中《普巴金剛法》描述的渡殺(sgrol ba)內容讓我腦海浮現打小人的畫面:


  八世紀左右Kumārila在他的Ślokavārttika中提到「離輪迴者(saṃsāramocaka)」或許只是哲學思辨上的安立*2,不過Sucaritamiśra在註釋中還是提到「離輪迴者的邪說為外在的殺生(saṃsāramocakā namā nāstikā bāhyahimsām)」*3。Jens Schlieter在文章中整理出「此宗闡明傷害(hiṃsā)困於輪迴的眾生,造作者與受害者將被聖潔化」*4--這時腦海閃過的是台灣「放死教」在面對放死兼害生質疑時的嘴臉:

放生过程中,即使有少数物命死亡,死也死得其所,死于大自然,死得有尊严,并且物命又经过皈依、忏悔、今(念!?)佛的隆重仪式,乘此陀罗尼力,死后超生,不再沦入三恶道中,实为不幸中之大幸。*5

  大乘經典中的菩薩以其善權方便(upāya-kauśalya)救渡眾生,到後來卻被猴徒猴孫濫用,自以為是的慈悲,反倒造了更多的殺業--天喇嘛益西沃(lha bla ma ye shes 'od)在他的文告(bka' shog)中痛罵那些耽溺於渡殺(sgrol ba)者:

你們說:「我們是佛教徒」,但你們的修習,
顯現出比食人魔還少的慈悲。
(nged cag sangs rgyas yi no zer ba'i spyod pa ni/
las kyi srin po bas ni snying rje chung/)
*6

--
*1.: Cantwell, C. and R. Mayer. Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang. Vienna: Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2008. pp.114-5.
*2.: 小部餓鬼事中有〈離輪迴鬼事(Saṃsāramocakapetivatthu)〉,其中的離輪迴概念與Kumārila安立的宗派無干。
*3.: Wilhelm Halbfass. "Vedic Apologetics, Ritual Killing, and the Foundations of Ethics," in Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991. pp.97-8.
*4.: Jens Schlieter. "Compassionate Killing or Conflict Resolution? The Murder of King Langdarma According to Tibetan Buddhist Sources." In: Zimmermann, M. (ed.) Buddhism and Violence. Kathmandu: Lumbini International Research Institute, 2006. pp.144-5.
*5.: 普劝放生
*6: Samten G. Karmay. "The Ordinance of lHa Bla-ma Ye-shes-'od," in Tibetan Studies in Honour of Hugh Richardson, ed. Michael Aris and Aung San Suu Kyi (Warminster, UK: Aris and Phillips, 1980), 150-60